Iri basa rinokurudzira compact yakasanganiswa yakawanda-inopinza akawanda-yakabuda (MIMO) metasurface (MS) wideband antenna ye sub-6 GHz yechishanu chizvarwa (5G) isina waya yekutaurirana masisitimu. Hunhu huri pachena hweiyo yakatsanangurwa MIMO sisitimu ndiyo yakakura yekushanda bandwidth, kuwana kwakakwira, zvidiki zvinopindirana zvibvumirano, uye yakanakisa kuzviparadzanisa mukati mezvikamu zveMIMO. Iyo antenna inopenya nzvimbo yakadimburwa diagonally, yakadzikwa zvishoma, uye metasurfaces inoshandiswa kunatsiridza mashandiro eantenna. Iyo yakatsanangurwa prototype yakabatanidzwa imwechete MS antenna ine diki diki diki dze 0.58λ × 0.58λ × 0.02λ. Simulation uye kuyerwa kwemhedzisiro inoratidza hupamhi hwebhendi kuita kubva ku3.11 GHz kusvika 7.67 GHz, kusanganisira iyo yepamusoro soro inowanikwa ye8 dBi. Iyo ina-element MIMO sisitimu yakagadzirirwa kuitira kuti antenna imwe neimwe ive orthogonal kune imwe neimwe ichichengetedza compact size uye wideband performance kubva 3.2 kusvika 7.6 GHz. Iyo yakatsanangurwa MIMO prototype yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirwa paRogers RT5880 substrate ine yakaderera kurasikirwa uye miniaturized zviyero zve 1.05? 1.05? 0.02?, uye kuita kwayo kunoongororwa pachishandiswa skweya yakavharwa mhete resonator array ine 10 x 10 yakakamurwa mhete. Zvinhu zvinokosha zvakafanana. Iyo yakatsanangurwa backplane metasurface inoderedza zvakanyanya antenna kumashure kwemwaranzi uye inoshandura magetsi emagetsi, nekudaro inovandudza bandwidth, kuwana, uye kuparadzaniswa kweMIMO zvikamu. Zvichienzaniswa nearipo MIMO antennas, yakadero 4-port MIMO antenna inowana yakakwira pfuma ye8.3 dBi neavhareji yekushanda kwese inosvika 82% mu5G sub-6 GHz bhendi uye iri muchibvumirano chakanaka neyakayerwa mhinduro. Uyezve, iyo MIMO antenna yakagadziridzwa inoratidza kuita kwakanakisa maererano neenvelope correlation coefficient (ECC) isingasviki 0.004, diversity gain (DG) inosvika gumi dB (> 9.98 dB) uye kuparadzaniswa kwakanyanya pakati peMIMO components (>15.5 dB). maitiro. Saka, iyo yakatsanangurwa MS-based MIMO antenna inosimbisa kushanda kwayo kune sub-6 GHz 5G network network.
5G tekinoroji ndeyekufambira mberi kunoshamisa mukutaurirana kusina waya kunogonesa kukurumidza uye kwakachengeteka network kune mabhiriyoni emidziyo yakabatana, inopa ruzivo rwevashandisi ne "zero" latency (latency isingasviki 1 millisecond), uye kuunza matekinoroji matsva, kusanganisira zvemagetsi. Kuchengetwa kwezvokurapa, dzidzo yepfungwa. , maguta akangwara, dzimba dzakangwara, chokwadi chaicho (VR), mafekitori akangwara uye Internet yeMotokari (IoV) iri kushandura hupenyu hwedu, nzanga uye maindasitiri1,2,3. Iyo US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) inokamura iyo 5G spectrum kuita mana frequency mabhendi4. Iyo frequency bhendi pazasi 6 GHz ndeyekufarira kune vanoongorora nekuti inobvumira kureba kutaurirana neakakwira data data5,6. Iyo sub-6 GHz 5G spectrum yakagoverwa yepasi rose 5G yekutaurirana inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1, zvichiratidza kuti nyika dzese dziri kufunga sub-6 GHz spectrum ye5G communications7,8. Antennas chikamu chakakosha che5G network uye inoda imwe base station uye mushandisi terminal antennas.
Microstrip patch antennas ine zvakanakira kuonda uye chimiro cheflat, asi inogumira mubandwidth uye gain9,10, saka tsvakurudzo yakawanda yakaitwa kuti iwedzere kuwana uye bandwidth yeantenna; Mumakore achangopfuura, metasurfaces (MS) yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumatekinoroji eantenna, kunyanya kuvandudza kuwana uye throughput11,12, zvisinei, aya antenna anongogumira kune imwechete chiteshi; MIMO tekinoroji chinhu chakakosha chekutaurirana pasina waya nekuti inogona kushandisa akawanda antenna panguva imwe chete kuendesa data, nekudaro ichivandudza dhata data, spectral kunyatsoita, chiteshi kugona, uye kuvimbika13,14,15. MIMO antennas vanogona kukwikwidza ku5G application nekuti ivo vanogona kufambisa uye kugamuchira data pamusoro pematanho akawanda vasingade rimwe simba16,17. Kubatana kwekubatanidza maitiro pakati peMIMO zvinhu zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yeMIMO zvinhu uye kuwana kweMIMO antenna, rinova dambudziko guru kune vanotsvaga. Figure 18, 19, uye 20 inoratidza akasiyana MIMO antennas anoshanda mu5G sub-6 GHz bhendi, zvese zvichiratidza kunaka kweMIMO kuparadzaniswa uye kuita. Nekudaro, kuwana uye kushanda bandwidth yeaya akarongwa masisitimu akaderera.
Metamaterials (MMs) zvinhu zvitsva zvisipo muzvisikwa uye zvinogona kushandura mafungu emagetsi, nekudaro zvinovandudza mashandiro eantennas21,22,23,24. MM ikozvino yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya muantenna tekinoroji yekuvandudza radiation pateni, bandwidth, kuwana, uye kuzviparadzanisa pakati peantenna zvinhu uye isina waya yekutaurirana masisitimu, sezvakakurukurwa mu25, 26, 27, 28. Muna 2029, mana-element MIMO system yakavakirwa pa metasurface, umo chikamu cheantenna chakasungirirwa pakati pemetasurface uye pasi pasina gap remhepo, rinovandudza kushanda kweMIMO. Nekudaro, iyi dhizaini ine saizi yakakura, yakaderera yekushanda frequency uye yakaoma chimiro. Iyo electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) uye yepasi loop inosanganisirwa mune yakatsanangurwa 2-port wideband MIMO antenna yekuvandudza kuparadzaniswa kweMIMO30 zvikamu. Iyo antenna yakagadzirwa ine yakanaka MIMO siyana mashandiro uye yakanakisa kuzviparadzanisa pakati peMIMO antennas, asi uchishandisa maviri chete maMIMO zvikamu, iyo inowanikwa ichave yakaderera. Uye zvakare, in31 yakakurudzirawo iyo yekupedzisira-yakafarabhendi (UWB) mbiri-chiteshi MIMO antenna uye yakaongorora mashandiro ayo MIMO ichishandisa metamaterials. Kunyangwe iyi antenna ichikwanisa kushanda kweUWB, kuwana kwayo kwakadzikira uye kusarudzika pakati pemaantenna maviri hakuna kunaka. Iro basa mu32 rinokurudzira 2-port MIMO sisitimu inoshandisa electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) inoratidzira kuwedzera kuwana. Kunyangwe iyo yakagadziridzwa antenna array ine yakakwira pfuma uye yakanaka MIMO siyana mashandiro, saizi yayo yakakura inoita kuti zviome kuisa mune inotevera-chizvarwa dhizaini yekutaurirana. Imwe inoratidzira-yakavakirwa Broadband antenna yakagadziridzwa muna 33, apo iyo reflector yakabatanidzwa pasi peantenna ine yakakura 22 mm gap, ichiratidza yakaderera peak kuwana kwe4.87 dB. Pepa 34 rinogadzira mana-port MIMO antenna yemmWave maapplication, ayo akabatanidzwa neMS layer kuvandudza kuparadzaniswa uye kuwana kweMIMO system. Nekudaro, iyi antenna inopa yakanaka kuwana uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, asi ine shoma bandwidth uye yakashata michina zvivakwa nekuda kwegeji rakakura remhepo. Saizvozvo, muna 2015, matatu-pairi, 4-port bowtie-yakaita metasurface-yakabatanidzwa MIMO antenna yakagadziridzwa mmWave kutaurirana nekuwana kwakanyanya kwe7.4 dBi. B36 MS inoshandiswa kuseri kwe5G antenna kuwedzera iyo antenna kuwana, uko metasurface inoita senge inoratidzira. Nekudaro, iyo MS chimiro ndeye asymmetric uye kutarisisa kushoma kwakabhadharwa kune iyo unit cell chimiro.
Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuongorora iri pamusoro, hapana kana imwe yeantenna iri pamusoro ine pfuma yakakura, yakasarudzika yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, kuita kweMIMO uye kufukidzwa kwebhendi. Naizvozvo, pachine kudikanwa kwemetasurface MIMO antenna inogona kuvhara huwandu hwakasiyana hwe5G spectrum frequencies pazasi 6 GHz ine kukwirira kukuru uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Tichifunga nezvekudzivirirwa kwemabhuku ataurwa pamusoro, a wideband four-element MIMO antenna system ine pfuma yakawanda uye yakanakisa kuita kwakasiyana-siyana inokurudzirwa kune sub-6 GHz isina waya yekutaurirana masisitimu. Uye zvakare, iyo yakatsanangurwa MIMO antenna inoratidza yakanakisa yekuzviparadzanisa pakati peMIMO zvikamu, madiki echinhu gapu, uye yakakwirira mwaranzi kunyatsoshanda. Iyo antenna patch inodimburwa diagonally uye inoiswa pamusoro pemetasurface ine 12mm mhepo gap, iyo inoratidza kumashure kwemwaranzi kubva kune antenna uye inovandudza antenna kuwana uye kutungamira. Pamusoro pezvo, antenna imwe yakatsanangurwa inoshandiswa kugadzira mana-element MIMO antenna ine yepamusoro MIMO kuita nekuisa imwe neimwe antenna orthogonally kune imwe neimwe. Iyo yakagadziridzwa MIMO antenna yakabva yabatanidzwa pamusoro peiyo 10 × 10 MS array ine copper backplane kuvandudza emission performance. Dhizaini yacho inoratidzira yakafararira yekushanda (3.08-7.75 GHz), kukwirisa kwakakwira kwe8.3 dBi uye yakakwira avhareji yakakwana ye82%, pamwe nekusarudzika kwakanaka kwekupfuura -15.5 dB pakati peMIMO antenna zvikamu. Iyo yakagadziridzwa MS-yakavakirwa MIMO antenna yakateedzerwa ichishandisa 3D electromagnetic software package CST Studio 2019 uye yakasimbiswa kuburikidza nekuyedza zvidzidzo.
Ichi chikamu chinopa yakadzama sumo kune yakarongwa dhizaini uye imwechete antenna dhizaini nzira. Uye zvakare, iyo yakateedzerwa uye yakacherechedzwa mhedzisiro inokurukurwa zvakadzama, kusanganisira kuparadzira paramita, kuwana, uye kunyatsoshanda pamwe uye pasina metasurfaces. Iyo prototype antenna yakagadziridzwa paRogers 5880 yakaderera kurasikirwa dielectric substrate ine ukobvu hwe1.575mm ine dielectric kugara kwe2.2. Kugadzira uye kutevedzera dhizaini, iyo electromagnetic simulator package CST studio 2019 yakashandiswa.
Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza iyo yakarongwa yekuvaka uye dhizaini modhi yeimwe-chinhu antenna. Zvinoenderana neyakasimbiswa masvomhu equations37, iyo antenna ine mutsara wakadyiswa square radiating nzvimbo uye yemhangura yepasi ndege (sezvinotsanangurwa mudanho 1) uye inobata neyakatetepa bandwidth pa10.8 GHz, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3b. Saizi yekutanga yeantenna radiator inotemerwa neinotevera hukama hwemasvomhu37:
Iko \(P_{L}\) uye \(P_{w}\) kureba nehupamhi hwechigamba, c inomiririra kumhanya kwechiedza, \(\gamma_{r}\) ndiyo dielectric constant ye substrate. . , \(\gamma_{reff }\) inomiririra kukosha kwedielectric yenzvimbo yemwaranzi, \(\Delta L\) inomiririra shanduko yehurefu hwemavara. Iyo antenna backplane yakagadziridzwa muchikamu chechipiri, ichiwedzera iyo impedance bandwidth kunyangwe yakadzika kwazvo impedance bandwidth ye10 dB. Muchikamu chechitatu, nzvimbo yekudyisa inoendeswa kurudyi, iyo inovandudza iyo impedance bandwidth uye impedance yekufananidza yeantenna yakatsanangurwa38. Panguva ino, antenna inoratidza yakanakisa inoshanda bandwidth ye4 GHz uye zvakare inovhara spectrum pazasi 6 GHz mu5G. Nhanho yechina uye yekupedzisira inosanganisira etching square grooves mumakona akatarisana eradiation spot. Iyi slot inowedzera zvakanyanya 4.56 GHz bandwidth kuvhara sub-6 GHz 5G spectrum kubva 3.11 GHz kusvika 7.67 GHz, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 3b. Kumberi uye kuzasi kwemaonero eiyo dhizaini yakarongwa inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3a, uye yekupedzisira yakagadziridzwa inodiwa dhizaini paramita ndeiyi: SL = 40 mm, Pw = 18 mm, PL = 18 mm, gL = 12 mm, fL = 11. mm, fW = 4 .7 mm, c1 = 2 mm, c2 = 9.65 mm, c3 = 1.65 mm.
(a) Maonero epamusoro uye ekumashure eiyo yakagadzirwa antenna imwe chete (CST STUDIO SUITE 2019). (b) S-parameter curve.
Metasurface ishoko rinoreva nguva nenguva yezvikamu zvemasero ari pane imwe chinhambwe kubva kune mumwe. Metasurfaces inzira inoshanda yekuvandudza antenna radiation performance, inosanganisira bandwidth, kuwana, uye kuzviparadzanisa pakati peMIMO zvikamu. Nekuda kwesimba rekupararira kwemafungu epasi, metasurfaces inogadzira mamwe maresonance ayo anobatsira mukuvandudza kushanda kweantenna39. Iri basa rinokurudzira epsilon-negative metamaterial (MM) unit inoshanda mu5G bhendi pazasi 6 GHz. Iyo MM ine nzvimbo ye8mm × 8mm yakagadziridzwa pane yakaderera kurasikirwa Rogers 5880 substrate ine dielectric inotenderera ye2.2 uye ukobvu hwe1.575mm. Iyo yakagadziridzwa MM resonator patch ine yemukati denderedzwa yakakamurwa mhete yakabatana kune maviri akagadziridzwa ekunze ekunze akapatsanurwa mhete, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 4a. Mufananidzo 4a inopfupikisa yekupedzisira yakagadziridzwa paramita yeyakarongwa MM setup. Zvadaro, 40 × 40 mm uye 80 × 80 mm metasurface layers dzakagadzirwa pasina copper backplane uye ine copper backplane uchishandisa 5 × 5 uye 10 × 10 masero arrays, zvichiteerana. Iyo yakatsanangurwa MM chimiro chakamisikidzwa uchishandisa 3D electromagnetic modeling software "CST studio suite 2019". Yakagadzirwa prototype yeyakarongwa MM array chimiro uye kuyerwa setup (dual-port network analyzer PNA uye waveguide port) inoratidzwa muFigure 4b kusimbisa iyo CST simulation mhedzisiro nekuongorora iyo chaiyo mhinduro. Iyo yekuyera yekumisikidza yakashandisa Agilent PNA yakatevedzana network analyzer musanganiswa maviri waveguide coaxial adapters (A-INFOMW, chikamu nhamba: 187WCAS) kutumira uye kugamuchira masaini. Iyo prototype 5 × 5 array yakaiswa pakati pemawaveguide coaxial adapters akabatanidzwa necoaxial tambo kune maviri-port network analyzer (Agilent PNA N5227A). Iyo Agilent N4694-60001 calibration kit inoshandiswa kugadzirisa iyo network analyzer muchirimwa chekutyaira. Iyo yakateedzerwa uye CST yakacherechedzwa kuparadzira paramita yeyakarongwa prototype MM array inoratidzwa muFigure 5a. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti iyo yakatsanangurwa MM chimiro inotenderera mu5G frequency renji pazasi 6 GHz. Pasinei nemusiyano mudiki mubandwidth ye10 dB, iyo yakateedzerwa uye yekuedzwa mhedzisiro yakafanana zvakanyanya. Iyo resonant frequency, bandwidth, uye amplitude yeinocherechedzwa resonance zvakasiyana zvishoma kubva kune akafananidzwa, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 5a. Iyi misiyano pakati pezvakacherechedzwa uye yakateedzerwa mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekusakwana kwekugadzira, zvidiki zvidiki pakati peiyo prototype uye waveguide ports, coupling mhedzisiro pakati pewaveguide ports uye array components, uye kuyerwa kushivirira. Pamusoro pezvo, kuiswa kwakafanira kweiyo prototype yakagadziridzwa pakati pemawaveguide ports muyedzo yekumisikidza inogona kukonzera shanduko yeresonance. Pamusoro pezvo, ruzha rusingadiwi rwakaonekwa panguva yechikamu chekuenzanisa, izvo zvakakonzera kusawirirana pakati penhamba uye yakayerwa mhinduro. Nekudaro, kunze kwezvinetso izvi, iyo yakatsanangurwa MM array prototype inoita zvakanaka nekuda kwekubatana kwakasimba pakati pekuenzanisa uye kuedza, ichiita kuti ikwane kune sub-6 GHz 5G isina waya yekutaurirana application.
(a) Unit cell geometry (S1 = 8 mm, S2 = 7 mm, S3 = 5 mm, f1, f2, f4 = 0.5 mm, f3 = 0.75 mm, h1 = 0.5 mm, h2 = 1 .75 mm) (CST STUDIO SUITE) ) 2019) (b) Mufananidzo weMM wekuyera kuseta.
(a) Kutevedzera uye kusimbiswa kwekuparadzira parameter curves ye metamaterial prototype. (b) Dielectric inogara curve yeMM unit cell.
Maparamita anoshanda anoshanda akadai seanoshanda dielectric garage, magineti permeability, uye refractive index zvakadzidzwa pachishandiswa akavakirwa-mukati-post-processing matekiniki eiyo CST electromagnetic simulator kuenderera mberi nekuongorora maitiro eMM unit cell. Iyo inoshanda MM parameters inowanikwa kubva pakuparadzira paramita uchishandisa yakasimba nzira yekuvakazve. Iyi inotevera transmittance uye reflection coefficient equations: (3) uye (4) inogona kushandiswa kuona refractive index uye impedance (ona 40).
Iwo chaiwo uye ekufungidzira zvikamu zvemushandisi zvinomiririrwa na(.)' uye (.)” zvakateerana, uye iyo integer kukosha m inofambirana neiyo chaiyo refractive index. Dielectric constant uye permeability inotarirwa nemaitiro \(\ varepsilon {} = {} n/z,\) uye \(\mu = nz\), iyo inobva pane impedance uye refractive index, maererano. Iyo inoshanda dielectric inogara curve yeMM chimiro inoratidzwa muFigure 5b. Pane resonant frequency, iyo inoshanda dielectric constant haina kunaka. Figure 6a, b inoratidza yakabviswa kukosha kweinoshanda permeability (μ) uye inoshanda refractive index (n) yeiyo yakarongwa unit cell. Zvikuru, iyo yakabviswa permeabilities inoratidza yakanaka chaiyo yakakosha padyo ne zero, iyo inosimbisa epsilon-negative (ENG) zvimiro zveiyo yakarongwa MM chimiro. Uyezve, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 6a, resonance pakukwanisa kusvika padyo ne zero ine hukama zvakanyanya neiyo resonant frequency. Iyo yakagadzirwa unit cell ine negative refractive index (Fig. 6b), zvinoreva kuti MM inorongwa inogona kushandiswa kuvandudza antenna performance21,41.
Iyo yakagadziridzwa prototype yeimwe Broadband antenna yakagadzirwa kuti iedze dhizaini yakarongwa. Figure 7a,b inoratidza mifananidzo yeinotsanangurwa prototype imwe antenna, zvikamu zvayo zvezvimiro uye pedyo-munda kuyerwa setup (SATIMO). Kuti uvandudze kuita kweantenna, iyo metasurface yakagadziridzwa inoiswa muzvikamu pasi peantenna, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 8a, nehurefu h. Imwe 40mm x 40mm kaviri-layer metasurface yakaiswa kumashure kweiyo antenna imwe panguva ye12mm. Pamusoro pezvo, metasurface ine backplane inoiswa kumashure kweiyo antenna imwe iri chinhambwe che12 mm. Mushure mekushandisa metasurface, antenna imwe chete inoratidza kuvandudzwa kwakakosha mukuita, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 1 uye 2. Mifananidzo 8 uye 9. Mufananidzo 8b unoratidza akafananidzwa uye akayerwa maratidziro ekuratidzira kune imwechete antenna isina uye ine metasurfaces. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti bhendi rekuvhara re antenna rine metasurface rakanyanya kufanana nebhendi rekuvhara reiyo antenna isina metasurface. Zvifananidzo 9a,b zvinoratidza kuenzanisa kwekufananidzwa uye kucherechedzwa kweantenna imwe chete uye kunyatsoshanda pasina uye neMS mune yekushanda spectrum. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti, kana zvichienzaniswa ne-non-metasurface antenna, kuwana kwemetasurface antenna inovandudzwa zvakanyanya, ichiwedzera kubva ku5.15 dBi kusvika ku8 dBi. Kuwana kweiyo-single-layer metasurface, dual-layer metasurface, uye imwe antenna ine backplane metasurface yakawedzera ne6 dBi, 6.9 dBi, uye 8 dBi, zvichiteerana. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe metasurfaces (imwe-layer uye kaviri-layer MCs), kuwana kweimwe metasurface antenna ine copper backplane inosvika 8 dBi. Muchiitiko ichi, metasurface inoita senge inoratidzira, ichidzikisa iyo antenna kumashure kwemwaranzi uye kushandura mafungu emagetsi mu-chikamu, nekudaro ichiwedzera kushanda kwemwaranzi yeantenna uye nekudaro kuwana. Chidzidzo chekushanda kwese kweantenna imwechete isina uye ine metasurfaces inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 9b. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kushanda kweantenna ine uye isina metasurface inenge yakafanana. Mune yakaderera frequency renji, iyo antenna inoshanda inoderera zvishoma. Iwo ekuyedza uye akateedzerwa kuwana uye kugona macurves ari muchibvumirano chakanaka. Nekudaro, pane misiyano mishoma pakati peakateedzera uye akaedzwa mhinduro nekuda kwekuremara kwekugadzira, kuyerwa kwekuyerwa, SMA port yekubatanidza kurasikirwa, uye kurasikirwa newaya. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo antenna neMS reflector iri pakati peiyo nylon spacers, inova imwe nyaya inobata zvakaonekwa zvichienzaniswa nemhedzisiro yekutevedzera.
Mufananidzo (a) unoratidza antenna imwe yakapedzwa uye yakabatana nayo. (b) Pedyo-munda kuyerwa setup (SATIMO).
(a) Antenna kunakidzwa uchishandisa metasurface reflectors (CST STUDIO SUITE 2019). (b) Yakateedzera uye yekuyedza kuratidza yeantenna imwe isina uye ine MS.
Simulation uye kuyerwa mhedzisiro ye (a) iyo yakawanikwa pfuma uye (b) kugona kwese kweyakarongwa metasurface athari antenna.
Beam pateni yekuongorora uchishandisa MS. Single-antenna pedyo-munda kuyerwa kwakaitwa muSATIMO Near-Field Experimental Environment yeUKM SATIMO Near-Field Systems Laboratory. Figure 10a, b inoratidza akafananidzwa uye akacherechedzwa E-ndege uye H-ndege mwaranzi mapatani pa 5.5 GHz yeinoshumwa imwe antenna ine uye isina MS. Iyo yakagadziridzwa antenna imwechete (isina MS) inopa inowirirana bidirectional radiation pateni ine padivi lobe kukosha. Mushure mekushandisa iyo yakatsanangurwa MS reflector, antenna inopa unidirectional mwaranzi pateni uye inoderedza mwero weiyo kumashure lobes, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 10a, b. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti iyo yakatsanangurwa imwe antenna radiation pateni yakanyatso kugadzikana uye unidirectional ine yakaderera kumashure uye mativi lobes kana uchishandisa metasurface ine copper backplane. Iyo yakatsanangurwa MM array reflector inoderedza kumashure uye mativi lobes yeantenna apo ichivandudza mashandiro emwaranzi nekutungamira ikozvino mune unidirectional nzira (Fig. 10a, b), nekudaro ichiwedzera kuwana uye kutungamira. Zvakaonekwa kuti maitiro ekuedzwa kwemwaranzi aive akada kuenzaniswa neayo eCST simulations, asi akasiyana zvishoma nekuda kwekusarongeka kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaunganidzwa, kuyerwa kwekuyerwa, uye kurasikirwa kwecabling. Pamusoro pezvo, nylon spacer yakaiswa pakati peantenna neMS reflector, inova imwe nyaya inokanganisa zvakaonekwa zvichienzaniswa nemhedzisiro yenhamba.
Iyo radiation pateni yeyakagadzirwa antenna (isina MS uye neMS) pafrequency ye5.5 GHz yakateedzerwa nekuedzwa.
Iyo yakatsanangurwa MIMO antenna geometry inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 11 uye inosanganisira mana antenna imwe. Izvo zvina zvikamu zveMIMO antenna zvakarongwa orthogonally kune imwe neimwe pane substrate yezviyero 80 × 80 × 1.575 mm, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 11. Iyo yakagadzirwa MIMO antenna ine inter-element chinhambwe che 22 mm, idiki pane iyo iri pedyo inowirirana inter-element chinhambwe cheantenna. MIMO antenna yakagadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, chikamu chepasi pasi chinowanikwa nenzira imwechete seye antenna. Iwo ekuratidzira kukosha kweMIMO antennas (S11, S22, S33, uye S44) inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 12a inoratidza maitiro akafanana sechinhu chimwe chete antenna inonzwika mu3.2-7.6 GHz bhendi. Naizvozvo, iyo impedance bandwidth yeMIMO antenna yakangofanana neyeimwe antenna. Iyo yekubatanidza mhedzisiro pakati peMIMO zvikamu ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekurasikirwa kudiki bandwidth kweMIMO antennas. Mufananidzo 12b unoratidza mhedzisiro yekubatanidza pane zvikamu zveMIMO, uko kwakanyatso kupatsanurwa pakati peMIMO zvikamu zvakatemwa. Kuzviparadzanisa pakati peantenna 1 ne2 ndiko kwakadzikira kusvika -13.6 dB, uye kuparadzaniswa pakati peantenna 1 ne 4 ndiko kwakanyanya kusvika -30.4 dB. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hudiki uye yakafara bandwidth, iyi MIMO antenna ine yakaderera kuwana uye kuderera kwekupinda. Insulation yakaderera, saka kuwedzera kusimbiswa uye kuvhara kunodiwa;
Dhizaini nzira yeinotsanangurwa MIMO antenna (a) yepamusoro maonero uye (b) pasi ndege. (CST Studio Suite 2019).
Iyo geometric kurongeka uye nzira yekunakidzwa yeinotsanangurwa metasurface MIMO antenna inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 13a. Iyo 10x10mm matrix ine zviyero zve80x80x1.575mm yakagadzirirwa kuseri kwe12mm yakakwira MIMO antenna, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 13a. Pamusoro pezvo, metasurfaces ane copper backplanes akagadzirirwa kushandiswa muMIMO antennas kuvandudza mashandiro avo. Chinhambwe chiri pakati pemetasurface neMIMO antenna yakakosha kuti uwane kuwana yakakwira uku uchibvumira kupindira kunovaka pakati pemasaisai anogadzirwa neantenna neaya anoratidzwa kubva kune metasurface. Yakakura modhi yakaitwa kukwirisa kureba pakati peantenna uye metasurface uku uchichengetedza kota-wave zviyero zvekuwana zvakanyanya uye kuzviparadzanisa pakati peMIMO zvinhu. Iko kuvandudzwa kwakakosha mukuita kweMIMO antenna kunowanikwa nekushandisa metasurfaces ine backplanes zvichienzaniswa nemetasurfaces isina backplanes icharatidzwa muzvitsauko zvinotevera.
(a) CST simulation setup yeinotsanangurwa MIMO antenna uchishandisa MS (CST STUDIO SUITE 2019), (b) Reflectance curves yeyakagadziridzwa MIMO system isina MS uye neMS.
Maratidziro eMIMO antenna ane uye asina metasurfaces anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 13b, apo S11 uye S44 inoratidzwa nekuda kwehumwe hunhu hwema antenna ese muMIMO system. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti iyo -10 dB impedance bandwidth yeMIMO antenna isina uye ine metasurface imwe chete yakada kufanana. Mukupesana, iyo impedance bandwidth yeinotsanangurwa MIMO antenna inovandudzwa nembiri-layer MS uye backplane MS. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti pasina MS, iyo MIMO antenna inopa chikamu bandwidth ye81.5% (3.2-7.6 GHz) inoenderana nepakati frequency. Kubatanidza iyo MS nebackplane kunowedzera iyo impedance bandwidth yeinotsanangurwa MIMO antenna kusvika 86.3% (3.08-7.75 GHz). Kunyangwe mbiri-layer MS inowedzera throughput, iyo kuvandudzwa ishoma pane iyo yeMS ine copper backplane. Uyezve, mbiri-layer MC inowedzera saizi yeantenna, inowedzera mutengo wayo, uye inodzikamisa huwandu hwayo. Iyo yakagadzirwa MIMO antenna uye metasurface reflector inogadzirwa uye inosimbiswa kuti isimbise mibairo yekunyepedzera uye kuongorora kuita chaiko. Mufananidzo 14a unoratidza akagadzirwa MS layer uye MIMO antenna ine akasiyana siyana akaunganidzwa, nepo Mufananidzo 14b unoratidza mufananidzo weyakagadzirwa MIMO system. Iyo MIMO antenna yakaiswa pamusoro pemetasurface uchishandisa mana nylon spacers, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 14b. Mufananidzo 15a unoratidza mufananidzo wepadhuze-munda kuyedza setup yeyakagadzirwa MIMO antenna system. A PNA network analyzer (Agilent Technologies PNA N5227A) yakashandiswa kufungidzira kuparadzira paramita uye kuongorora uye kuratidza hunhu hwepedyo-munda hwekuburitsa muUKM SATIMO Near-Field Systems Laboratory.
(a) Mapikicha eSATIMO padyo-munda zviyero (b) Yakateedzera uye yekuyedza macurves eS11 MIMO antenna ine uye isina MS.
Ichi chikamu chinopa ongororo yekuenzanisa yeakateedzerwa uye akacherechedzwa S-maparamita eyakarongwa 5G MIMO antenna. Mufananidzo 15b unoratidza kuyedza kuratidza chiitiko cheiyo yakabatanidzwa 4-element MIMO MS antenna uye inoienzanisa neiyo CST simulation mhedzisiro. Iwo maratidziro ekuyedza akawanikwa akafanana neCST maverengero, asi aive akasiyana zvishoma nekuda kwekuremara kwekugadzira uye kuyedza kushivirira. Uye zvakare, iyo inocherechedzwa inoratidzira yeiyo yakatsanangurwa MS-based MIMO prototype inovhara iyo 5G spectrum pazasi 6 GHz ine impedance bandwidth ye4.8 GHz, zvinoreva kuti 5G mafomu anogoneka. Nekudaro, iyo yakayerwa resonant frequency, bandwidth, uye amplitude inosiyana zvishoma kubva kuCST simulation mhedzisiro. Kugadzira hurema, coax-to-SMA coupling kurasikirwa, uye ekunze kuyerwa setups zvinogona kukonzera mutsauko pakati pezvakayerwa uye zvakateedzerwa mhedzisiro. Nekudaro, zvisinei nekukanganisa uku, iyo MIMO yakatsanangurwa inoita nemazvo, ichipa chibvumirano chakasimba pakati pekufananidza uye kuyerwa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune sub-6 GHz 5G isina waya application.
Iyo yakateedzerwa uye yakacherechedzwa MIMO antenna kuwana curves inoratidzwa muMifananidzo 2 uye 2. Sezvinoratidzwa muFigure 16a,b uye 17a,b, zvichiteerana, kudyidzana kwezvikamu zveMIMO kunoratidzwa. Kana metasurfaces ikaiswa kuMIMO antennas, kuparadzaniswa pakati peMIMO antennas kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya. Zvikamu zvekuzviparadzanisa pakati pepedyo antenna zvinhu S12, S14, S23 uye S34 inoratidza akafanana macurves, nepo diagonal MIMO antennas S13 uye S42 inoratidza zvakafanana yakakwirira kuzviparadzanisa nekuda kwechinhambwe chikuru pakati pavo. Iwo akateedzerwa ekufambisa maitiro epadhuze antenna anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 16a. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mu5G inoshanda spectrum pazasi 6 GHz, kushoma kuparadzaniswa kweMIMO antenna isina metasurface ndeye -13.6 dB, uye kune metasurface ine backplane - 15.5 dB. Iyo yekuwana zano (Mufananidzo 16a) inoratidza kuti iyo backplane metasurface inovandudza zvakanyanya kusarudzika pakati peMIMO antenna zvinhu zvichienzaniswa ne single- uye kaviri-layer metasurfaces. Pane zviri padyo neantenna zvinhu, imwe- uye mbiri-layer metasurfaces inopa kushoma yekuzviparadzanisa ingangoita -13.68 dB uye -14.78 dB, uye iyo copper backplane metasurface inopa ingangoita -15.5 dB.
Yakatevedzwa yekuzviparadzanisa curves yeMIMO zvinhu zvisina MS layer uye ine MS layer: (a) S12, S14, S34 uye S32 uye (b) S13 uye S24.
Kuedza kuwana macurves eyakatsanangurwa MS-based MIMO antennas isina uye ine: (a) S12, S14, S34 uye S32 uye (b) S13 uye S24.
Iyo MIMO diagonal antenna inowana zvirongwa zvisati zvaitika uye mushure mekuwedzera iyo MS layer inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 16b. Izvo zvakakosha kuti tizive kuti iyo shoma yekuzviparadzanisa pakati pe diagonal antenna isina metasurface (antennas 1 ne3) ndeye - 15.6 dB mhiri kwesevhisi spectrum, uye metasurface ine backplane ndeye - 18 dB. Iyo metasurface nzira inoderedza zvakanyanya kubatanidza mhedzisiro pakati pe diagonal MIMO antennas. Iyo yakanyanya kuvharidzira yeimwe-layer metasurface ndeye -37 dB, nepo kune kaviri-layer metasurface kukosha uku kunodonha kusvika -47 dB. Iyo yakanyanya kuparadzaniswa yemetasurface ine copper backplane ndeye -36.2 dB, iyo inoderera nekuwedzera frequency range. Zvichienzaniswa ne-single- uye kaviri-layer metasurfaces isina backplane, metasurfaces ine backplane inopa yakakwirira yekuzviparadzanisa pakati pese inodiwa inoshanda frequency renji, kunyanya mu5G renji pazasi 6 GHz, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 16a, b. Mune inonyanya kufarirwa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya 5G bhendi pazasi 6 GHz (3.5 GHz), imwe- uye mbiri-yakapetwa-yakapetwa metasurfaces ine yakaderera yakasarudzika pakati peMIMO zvikamu pane metasurfaces ine copper backplanes (inenge isina MS) (ona Mufananidzo 16a), b) . Izvo zviyero zvekuwana zvinoratidzwa muFigure 17a, b, zvichiratidza kuparadzaniswa kweantenna dziri padyo (S12, S14, S34 uye S32) uye diagonal antennas (S24 uye S13), zvichiteerana. Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva kunhamba idzi (Fig. 17a, b), kuedza kwekuzviparadzanisa pakati pezvikamu zveMIMO kunobvumirana zvakanaka nekufananidza kuparadzaniswa. Kunyangwe paine misiyano midiki pakati peakateedzera uye akayerwa CST kukosha nekuda kwekuremara kwekugadzira, SMA port yekubatanidza uye kurasikirwa newaya. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo antenna neMS reflector iri pakati peiyo nylon spacers, inova imwe nyaya inobata zvakaonekwa zvichienzaniswa nemhedzisiro yekutevedzera.
akadzidza kugoverwa kwazvino pa5.5 GHz kururamisa basa remametasurfaces mukuderedza kuwirirana kwekubatana kuburikidza nepamusoro-soro kudzvinyirira42. Kugovewa kwazvino kweiyo MIMO antenna yakatsanangurwa inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 18, apo antenna 1 inofambiswa uye iyo yese antenna inomiswa ne50 ohm mutoro. Kana antenna 1 ikasimbiswa, antenna akakosha ekubatanidza mafungu anozoonekwa padhuze neantenna pa5.5 GHz pasina metasurface, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 18a. Pane zvinopesana, kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemetasurfaces, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 18b-d, kuparadzaniswa pakati peantennas ari pedyo kunovandudzwa. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mhedzisiro yekubatanidza kubatanidzwa kweminda yakatarisana inogona kudzikiswa nekuparadzira iyo coupling ikozvino kune iri pedyo mhete dzemayuniti maseru uye ari pedyo neMS unit masero pamwe neMS layer mune antiparallel nzira. Kupinza majekiseni kubva kuantenna akagoverwa kune MS mayunitsi inzira yakakosha yekuvandudza kuzviparadzanisa pakati peMIMO zvikamu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo yekubatanidza ikozvino pakati peMIMO zvikamu zvakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye iyo yekuzviparadzanisa nayo inovandudzwa zvakanyanya. Nekuti munda wekubatanidza wakagovaniswa zvakanyanya muchinhu, iyo copper backplane metasurface inoparadzanisa iyo MIMO antenna musangano zvakanyanya kupfuura imwechete- uye kaviri-layer metasurfaces (Mufananidzo 18d). Zvakare, iyo yakagadziridzwa MIMO antenna ine yakaderera kwazvo yekumashure uye kupararira kwedivi, ichigadzira unidirectional radiation pateni, nekudaro ichiwedzera kuwana kweiyo yakatsanangurwa MIMO antenna.
Mapatani epamhepo azvino eiyo antenna yakatsanangurwa yeMIMO pa5.5 GHz (a) isina MC, (b) single-layer MC, (c) kaviri-layer MC, uye (d) single-layer MC ine copper backplane. (CST Studio Suite 2019).
Mukati meiyo frequency yekushanda, Mufananidzo 19a inoratidza yakateedzerwa uye yakacherechedzwa mibairo yeyakagadzirwa MIMO antenna isina uye ine metasurfaces. Iyo yakateedzerwa yakawana kuwana yeMIMO antenna isina metasurface ndeye 5.4 dBi, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 19a. Nekuda kwekubatana kwekubatana pakati pezvikamu zveMIMO, iyo yakatsanangurwa MIMO antenna inonyatso kuwana 0.25 dBi yepamusoro kuwana kupfuura imwe antenna. Kuwedzerwa kwemametasurfaces kunogona kupa zvakakosha kuwana uye kuzviparadzanisa pakati peMIMO zvikamu. Nekudaro, iyo yakatsanangurwa metasurface MIMO antenna inogona kuwana yakakwira yakawana kuwana inosvika 8.3 dBi. Sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 19a, kana metasurface imwe chete ikashandiswa kuseri kweMIMO antenna, iyo inowanikwa inowedzera ne1.4 dBi. Kana iyo metasurface yakapetwa kaviri, kuwedzera kunowedzera ne2.1 dBi, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 19a. Nekudaro, iyo inotarisirwa kukwirisa kuwana kwe8.3 dBi inowanikwa kana uchishandisa metasurface ine copper backplane. Zvinonyanya kukosha, iyo yakanyanya kuwanikwa inowanikwa kune imwechete-layer uye kaviri-layer metasurfaces ndeye 6.8 dBi uye 7.5 dBi, zvichiteerana, nepo iyo yakanyanya kuwanikwa inowanikwa yepasi-layer metasurface iri 8.3 dBi. Iyo metasurface layer iri kuseri kweantenna inoita senge inoratidzira, ichiratidza mwaranzi kubva kumashure kweantenna uye inovandudza kumberi-kumashure-kumashure (F / B) reshiyo yeyakagadzirwa MIMO antenna. Uye zvakare, iyo yakakwira-impedance MS reflector inoshandura mafungu emagetsi mu-chikamu, nekudaro ichigadzira imwe resonance uye nekuvandudza mashandiro emwaranzi yeinotsanangurwa MIMO antenna. Iyo MS reflector yakaiswa kuseri kweMIMO antenna inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuwana kwakawanikwa, izvo zvinosimbiswa nemhedzisiro yekuedza. Izvo zvakacherechedzwa uye zvakateedzerwa zvakawanikwa zveyakagadziridzwa prototype MIMO antenna zvakada kufanana, zvisinei, pane mamwe mafrequency iyo yakayerwa kuwana yakakwira kupfuura iyo yakateedzerwa kuwana, kunyanya yeMIMO isina MS; Iyi misiyano mukuedza kuwana imhaka yekuyerwa kuyerwa kwenylon pads, kurasikirwa kwetambo, uye kubatana muantenna system. Iyo yepamusoro yakayerwa kuwanikwa kweMIMO antenna isina metasurface ndeye 5.8 dBi, nepo metasurface ine copper backplane iri 8.5 dBi. Izvo zvakakosha kuti ticherechedze kuti yakatsanangurwa yakazara 4-port MIMO antenna system ine MS reflector inoratidza kupfuma kwakanyanya pasi peyedzo uye nhamba mamiriro.
Simulation uye mhedzisiro yekuyedza ye (a) iyo yakawanikwa kuwana uye (b) kuita kwese kweyakarongwa MIMO antenna ine metasurface athari.
Mufananidzo 19b unoratidza kuita kwese kweyakarongwa MIMO system isina uye ine metasurface inoratidza. Mumufananidzo 19b, kushanda kwakaderera kushandisa MS nebackplane kwaive pamusoro pe73% (kudzika kusvika 84%). Kushanda kwese kweakagadziridzwa MIMO antennas isina MC uye neMC kwakada kufanana nemisiyano midiki kana ichienzaniswa neakateedzera kukosha. Zvikonzero zveizvi kuyerwa kushivirira uye kushandiswa kwema spacers pakati peantenna neMS reflector. Iyo yakayerwa yakawana kuwana uye kushanda kwayo kwese kwese frequency kwakada kufanana nemhedzisiro, zvichiratidza kuti kuita kweiyo yakarongwa MIMO prototype inotarisirwa uye kuti yakakurudzirwa MS-based MIMO antenna inokodzera 5G kutaurirana. Nekuda kwekukanganisa muzvidzidzo zvekuedza, mutsauko uripo pakati pemhedzisiro yemhedzisiro yekuedzwa kwerabhoritari nemhedzisiro yekufananidza. Kuita kweiyo prototype yakarongwa kunokanganiswa nekusawirirana kweimpedance pakati peantenna neSMA chinongedzo, kurasikirwa kwecoaxial tambo splice, kushambadzira mhedzisiro, uye kuswedera kweakasiyana midziyo yemagetsi kune yekuyedza setup.
Mufananidzo 20 inotsanangura dhizaini uye optimization kufambira mberi kweiyo antenna yakataurwa nenzira yedhizaini yebhuroka. Iri dhiyabhorosi dhayagiramu rinopa nhanho-nhanho tsananguro yeyakarongwa MIMO antenna dhizaini misimboti, pamwe nemaparamita anoita basa rakakosha mukukwidziridza antenna kuti iwane inodiwa pfuma uye yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe pamusoro peiyo yakawanda yekushanda frequency.
Iyo yepedyo-munda MIMO antenna zviyero zvakayerwa muSATIMO Pedyo-Field Yekuedzwa Nzvimbo paUKM SATIMO Pedyo-Field Systems Laboratory. Figure 21a,b inoratidza akatevedzerwa uye akacherechedzwa E-ndege neH-ndege emwaranzi mapatani eiyo inonzi MIMO antenna ine uye isina MS pakushanda frequency ye5.5 GHz. Mune yekushanda frequency renji ye5.5 GHz, yakagadziridzwa isiri-MS MIMO antenna inopa inowirirana bidirectional radiation pateni ine padivi lobe kukosha. Mushure mekushandisa iyo MS reflector, antenna inopa unidirectional radiation pateni uye inoderedza mwero weiyo kumashure lobes, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 21a, b. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti nekushandisa metasurface ine copper backplane, iyo yakatsanangurwa MIMO antenna pateni yakagadzikana uye unidirectional pane isina MS, ine yakaderera kumashure uye nepadivi lobes. Iyo yakatsanangurwa MM array reflector inoderedza kumashure uye mativi lobes yeantenna uye zvakare inovandudza hunhu hwemwaranzi nekutungamira ikozvino mune unidirectional gwara (Fig. 21a, b), nekudaro ichiwedzera kuwana uye kutungamira. Iyo yakayerwa radiation pateni yakawanikwa pachiteshi 1 ine 50 ohm mutoro wakabatana kune asara madoko. Zvakaonekwa kuti kuyedza kwemwaranzi pateni yaive yakada kufanana neiyo yakateedzerwa neCST, kunyangwe paine kumwe kutsauka nekuda kwechikamu chemisalignment, zviratidziro kubva kumaterminal ports, uye kurasikirwa mukubatanidza tambo. Pamusoro pezvo, nylon spacer yakaiswa pakati peantenna neMS reflector, inova imwe nyaya inokanganisa zvakaonekwa zvichienzaniswa nezvakafanotaurwa.
Iyo radiation pateni yeyakagadziridzwa MIMO antenna (isina MS uye neMS) pafrequency ye5.5 GHz yakateedzerwa nekuedzwa.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kuparadzaniswa kwechiteshi uye hunhu hwayo hwakabatana hwakakosha pakuwongorora mashandiro eMIMO masisitimu. Kuita kwakasiyana-siyana kweiyo yakarongwa MIMO system, kusanganisira envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) uye diversity gain (DG), inoongororwa kuratidza kusimba kweyakagadzirwa MIMO antenna system. Iyo ECC neDG yeMIMO antenna inogona kushandiswa kuongorora mashandiro ayo sezvo ari akakosha maficha ekuita kweMIMO system. Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinotsanangura aya maficha eiyo MIMO antenna yakatsanangurwa.
Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC). Kana uchifunga nezve chero MIMO system, ECC inosarudza dhigirii iro zvinhu zvinoumba zvinodyidzana kune mumwe nemumwe maererano neavo chaiwo zvivakwa. Nekudaro, ECC inoratidza dhigirii rekuzviparadzanisa nechiteshi mune isina waya yekutaurirana network. Iyo ECC (envelopu correlation coefficient) yeyakagadziridzwa MIMO system inogona kutariswa zvichibva paS-paramita uye kure-kumunda kuburitsa. Kubva Eq. (7) uye (8) iyo ECC yeinotsanangurwa MIMO antenna 31 inogona kutsanangurwa.
Iyo inofananidzira coefficient inomiririrwa naSii uye Sij inomiririra coefficient yekutumira. Iwo matatu-dimensional radiation mapatani ej-th uye i-th antenna anopiwa nezvirevo \(\vec{R}_{j} \kuruboshwe({\theta ,\varphi} \kurudyi)\) uye \( \vec {{R_{ i } }} Kona yakasimba inomiririrwa ne \ kuruboshwe( {\ theta ,\varphi } \kurudyi)\) uye \({\ Omega }\). Iyo ECC curve yeantenna yakarongwa inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 22a uye kukosha kwayo kushoma pane 0.004, iri pasi peiyo inogamuchirwa kukosha kwe0.5 kune isina waya system. Naizvozvo, iyo yakaderedzwa ECC kukosha inoreva kuti yakatsanangurwa 4-port MIMO system inopa hukuru hwakasiyana43.
Diversity Gain (DG) DG imwezve MIMO system performance metric inotsanangura mabatiro ehurongwa hwekusiyana-siyana hunokanganisa simba rinopenya. Relation (9) inosarudza iyo DG yeMIMO antenna system iri kuvandudzwa, sekutsanangurwa kwazvino mu31.
Mufananidzo 22b inoratidza DG dhayagiramu yeyakarongwa MIMO system, uko kukosha kweDG kuri padyo negumi dB. Iwo maDG maitiro eese antennas eiyo yakagadzirwa MIMO system inodarika 9.98 dB.
Tafura 1 inofananidza iyo yakatsanangurwa metasurface MIMO antenna ichangobva kugadzirwa yakafanana MIMO masisitimu. Kuenzanisa kwacho kunotarisa akasiyana ma paramita ekuita, anosanganisira bandwidth, kuwana, yakanyanya kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, kunyatsoshanda, uye kuita kwakasiyana. Vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza zvakasiyana-siyana zveMIMO antenna prototypes nekuwana uye kuzviparadzanisa nzira dzekusimudzira mu5, 44, 45, 46, 47. Zvichienzaniswa nemabasa akabudiswa kare, iyo MIMO system yakarongwa ine metasurface reflectors inovapfuura maererano nebandwidth, kuwana, uye kuzviparadzanisa. Pamusoro pezvo, zvichienzaniswa nema antenna akafanana akashumwa, iyo yakagadziridzwa MIMO sisitimu inoratidza hukuru hwekusiyana mashandiro uye kugona kwese padiki diki. Kunyangwe ma antenna anotsanangurwa muChikamu 5.46 ane yakakwirira yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kupfuura yedu yaakafunga antennas, aya antenna anotambura nehukuru hukuru, kuderera, kutetepa bandwidth, uye kushomeka kweMIMO kuita. Iyo 4-port MIMO antenna yakakurudzirwa mumakumi mana neshanu inoratidza kuwana kwakanyanya uye kugona, asi dhizaini yayo ine yakaderera yakasarudzika, saizi hombe, uye kushomeka kwekuita kwakasiyana. Kune rimwe divi, iyo diki saizi antenna sisitimu yakatsanangurwa muna 47 ine yakaderera kuwana uye inoshanda bandwidth, nepo yedu yakatsanangurwa MS yakavakirwa 4-chiteshi MIMO system inoratidza diki diki, kukwirisa, kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kuita zvirinani MIMO. Nekudaro, iyo yakatsanangurwa metasurface MIMO antenna inogona kuve mukwikwidzi mukuru kune sub-6 GHz 5G masisitimu ekutaurirana.
Iyo ina-port metasurface inoratidzira-yakavakirwa wideband MIMO antenna ine yakakwira kuwana uye yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe inokurudzirwa kutsigira 5G zvikumbiro pazasi 6 GHz. Mutsetse wemicrostrip unodyisa chikamu chinopenya chekwere, chinodimburwa nechikwere pamakona ane diagonal. Iyo yakatsanangurwa MS uye antenna emitter inoiswa pane substrate zvinhu zvakafanana neRogers RT5880 kuti iwane yakanakisa mashandiro mune yakakwirira-kumhanya 5G masisitimu ekutaurirana. Iyo MIMO antenna inoratidzira yakafara siyana uye yakakwirira kuwana, uye inopa inonzwika kuzviparadzanisa pakati peMIMO zvikamu uye kugona kwakanyanya. Iyo antenna yakagadziridzwa ine diki diki diki dze 0.58?0.58?0.02? ine 5 × 5 metasurface array, inopa yakafara 4.56 GHz inoshanda bandwidth, 8 dBi peak kuwana uye yepamusoro yakayerwa kushanda zvakanaka. Iyo yakatsanangurwa ina-port MIMO antenna (2 × 2 array) yakagadzirwa ne orthogonally kuenzanisa imwe neimwe yakatsanangurwa antenna imwe neimwe antenna ine zviyero zve 1.05λ × 1.05 × 0.02λ. Zvinokurudzirwa kuunganidza 10 × 10 MM array pasi pe12mm yakakwira MIMO antenna, iyo inogona kuderedza kumashure-radiation uye kuderedza kuwirirana pakati pezvikamu zveMIMO, nekudaro zvichivandudza kuwana uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Yekuedza uye yekunyepedzera mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti yakagadziridzwa MIMO prototype inogona kushanda mune yakakura frequency renji ye3.08-7.75 GHz, inovhara iyo 5G spectrum pazasi 6 GHz. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yakatsanangurwa yeMS-based MIMO antenna inovandudza kuwana kwayo ne2.9 dBi, kuwana yakanyanya kuwana 8.3 dBi, uye inopa yakanakisa yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe (> 15.5 dB) pakati peMIMO zvikamu, zvichisimbisa mupiro weMS. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yakatsanangurwa MIMO antenna ine yakakwira avhareji yakakwana ye82% uye yakaderera inter-element chinhambwe che22 mm. Iyo antenna inoratidza yakanakisa MIMO kusiyanisa kuita inosanganisira yakakwira kwazvo DG (inopfuura 9.98 dB), yakaderera kwazvo ECC (isingasviki 0.004) uye unidirectional mwaranzi maitiro. Migumisiro yekuyera yakafanana zvikuru nemigumisiro yekufananidza. Aya maitiro anosimbisa kuti yakagadziridzwa ina-port MIMO antenna system inogona kuve sarudzo inoshanda kune 5G masisitimu ekutaurirana mune sub-6 GHz frequency renji.
Cowin inogona kupa 400-6000MHz wideband PCB antenna, uye tsigiro yekugadzira antenna nyowani zvinoenderana nezvaunoda, ndapota taura nesu pasina kuzeza kana uine chero chikumbiro.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-10-2024